Workers' compensation is sometimes viewed as a compromise between employees and employers: workers give up the right to sue for large awards in court in exchange for certain and timely (albeit relatively lower) reimbursement for work-related injuries and illnesses. Employers accept responsibility for these injuries and illnesses even if they are not at fault, but they no longer have to worry about being tied up in court or about potential liability for large verdicts.
Unfortunately, even in this spirit of compromise, sometimes an employer may retaliate against an employee for filing or even talking about filing a workers' compensation claim. In most states, employees have legal rights and remedies in response to such adverse employer actions. If you encounter retaliation from your employer in a workers' compensation matter, an experienced workers' compensation attorney at Pitts & Zanaty, L.L.C. in Anniston, AL, can advise you of your legal options.
Examples of retaliation
Most commonly, people think of employer retaliation in the form of retaliatory discharge (unjustly firing an employee for pursuing his or her workers' compensation rights). Improper employer retaliation can also come in other forms short of termination, such as discrimination or harassment in the following ways:
- Undeservedly poor performance review
- Failure to promote
- Adverse wage action
- Isolation or intimidation in the workplace
- Demotion
- Threats of adverse action
- Negative reassignment, reclassification or transfer
- Interference with the workers' compensation claims process
- Refusal to rehire
- Negative action vis-à-vis employment benefits or terms of employment, such as insurance, vacation or scheduling
- Unreasonable increase or decrease in job duties
- Unwarranted disciplinary action
- Undeservedly negative employment references
- Retaliation against a co-employee testifying in support of a claimant or cooperating in the investigation
Legal remedies for retaliation
Although a relatively recent development, most states have some legal remedy for employees whose employers have retaliated against them for taking workers' compensation action. Many states have legislatively created legal protections for such employees. These remedies may be available through state agencies and/or in court actions. Even where legislative action has not protected such workers, many state courts have allowed retaliatory discharge lawsuits for exercising workers' compensation rights. Some states allow both statutory and court-created or common-law remedies; other states may only provide for one or the other. The remedies available vary from state to state, so it is a good idea to consult a lawyer to learn about your particular options.
Even if your state has not recognized these remedies for employer retaliation in the workers' compensation setting, there may be other ways to find legal help.
Justifiable employer action
Employers may still legitimately terminate or discipline any employee, regardless of workers' compensation status, as long as the negative action is not a pretext for workers' compensation retaliation and the action does not violate any other employment laws.
Speak to a workers' compensation lawyer
Stand up for yourself if you have been the victim of employer retaliation in response to the exercise of your workers' compensation rights. An attorney from Pitts & Zanaty, L.L.C. in Anniston, AL, can advise you of the law in your state surrounding workers' compensation retaliation.
DISCLAIMER: This site and any information contained herein are intended for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal advice. Seek competent legal counsel for advice on any legal matter.
Frequently Asked Questions
To take the uncertainty out of the circumstances following a work-related injury or industrial illness, the workers' compensation system provides a reliable procedure for resolving resulting problems. Broadly, if an injury or illness occurs in the course of employment, regardless of whether the employer was negligent or otherwise at fault, the worker receives benefits that may include wage replacement, medical coverage or other assistance. In exchange, the employee is not allowed to sue the employer for the injury and the employer must carry insurance or otherwise legally provide a means to cover workers' compensation expenses. Most employers are subject to the workers' compensation system, but some states exempt smaller employers, and most federal workers and certain national industries are covered instead by comparable federal programs.
Virtually all types of work-related physical injury and industrial illness are covered by workers' compensation. Very commonly covered conditions include repetitive-stress injuries (RSIs) like carpal-tunnel syndrome (CTS), back injuries, traumatic injuries, wounds or bodily reactions to substances. Many states also cover mental or emotional harm, but the standards for psychological coverage vary greatly from state to state. Pre-existing conditions are generally not covered unless aggravated at work.
Available benefits vary from state to state, but usually include compensation for medical expenses and disability benefits to replace wages, at least in part. States use various methods for calculating benefit amounts, such as schedules or formulas that may take into account the severity and type of injury and amount of lost wages. Some states offer other types of benefits, such as vocational rehabilitation. Death benefits are available to surviving dependents of workers who die from occupational injury or disease.
State laws require one of three payment methods or a combination thereof. Employers may need to carry workers' compensation insurance; employers may self-insure by setting up a fund sufficient to cover outgoing benefits; or the state may administer its own fund into which employers are required to pay.
Of course, you should first obtain necessary emergency treatment. Second, give notice of the injury or disease to your employer as soon as possible. State laws vary about what type of notice is sufficient, whether a designated person needs to receive it, how soon it must be given and if there is a deadline. Also, some states require notice to other parties, such as the state workers' compensation agency, local court or workers' compensation insurer. Third, file your workers' compensation claim with the state agency in a timely manner. Consult a knowledgeable workers' compensation attorney as early in the process as possible for advice about how to proceed every step of the way.
Whether you can choose your own doctor depends on your state's law. Most states allow emergency treatment without concern for consultation with the employer or insurer. Beyond an emergency, the choice of treating physician may belong to the employee, the employer, the workers' compensation insurance carrier or the state. Sometimes the employee can choose from a list of providers compiled by the employer, insurer or state agency. Your state law may also control how to change providers or other situations, such as obtaining a second opinion.
Each state has a procedure for appeal of a denied claim. Normally the first review is by the state workers' compensation agency, where there may be more than one level of claim re-evaluation and a hearing is usually held. Typically if the agency ultimately affirms the claim denial, the employee can appeal to the state court system, where there may also be more than one level of appeal. Representation by an attorney is helpful at any stage of appeal, particularly at any hearing and in court.
If you are harmed in the course of employment, you are entitled to workers' compensation, regardless of the cause. You may be able to sue a third party that caused the injury, such as the manufacturer, distributor or seller of faulty equipment that caused the injury. If a co-worker caused the injury, most states do not allow you to sue your colleague, but some do. If you recover from a third party, your employer or its insurer may be eligible for workers' compensation reimbursement or they may be able to join the suit.
